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Land ForcesRussia

BM-21 Grad

122mm multiple rocket launcherFielded 1963Pending verification
Land ForcesRUS
Length 7.35 m
Identification silhouette. Not drawn to scale between entries.
Fact cardConfidence · Source
System
Type122mm multiple rocket launcher
Date of introduction1963
ProliferationAt least 63 countries
ManufacturerSplav State Research and Production EnterpriseMed[1]
Crew5Med[1]
Displacement time3 minMed[1]
Emplacement time2 minMed[1]
Dimensions and weight
Length7.35 m24 ftMed[1]
Width2.4 m8 ftMed[1]
Height3.09 m10 ftMed[1]
Combat weight13.7 tMed[1]
Automotive performance
ChassisUral 375-D 6x6 wheeledMed[1]
EngineZIL-375Med[1]
Engine power180 hpMed[1]
Cruising range750 km466 mi · 405 nmiMed[1]
Max road speed75 km/h47 mph · 40 ktMed[1]
Fording depth1.5 mMed[1]
Armament
Launch tubes40 eaMed[1]
Max elevation+55 degMed[1]
Min elevation0 degMed[1]
LoaderManualMed[1]
Main armament9P132, 122 mmMed[1]
Maximum firing range32.7 km20 mi · 18 nmiLongest-range ammunition listedMed[1]
Variants
BM-21-1Launch vehicles are mounted on a family of Ural-4320 truck chassis.[1]
2B17 or also BM-21-1This upgrade was presented for the first time in 2003 and was developed by Motovilikha Plants from Perm. The system is fitted with a satellite navigation system NAP SNS, automated fire control system ASUNO, APP laying sy[1]
9P138 "Grad-1":lighter 36-round version, mounted on a six-by-six ZIL-131 chassis. The vehicle with supporting equipment (rockets, transporter 9T450 and re-supply truck 9F380) is referred to as complex 9K55. The 9P138 can only use "shor[1]
BM-21V "Grad-V"(NATO designation M1975): Developed for Soviet airborne troops in 1969. A GAZ-66B four-by-four truck chassis is fitted with a 12-round 122 mm rocket launcher. The vehicle is sturdy enough to be air-dropped. Parts of the [1]
9А51 "Prima"50-round launcher on a Ural-4320 5t chassis. The vehicle together with fire control equipment, the ammunition transporter TZM 9T232M and the new rocket 9M53F is referred to as complex.[1]
"Grad-P Light portable rocket system"he complete system comprises a 9P132 single-round man-portable launcher (it can be reloaded and used again), a 9M22M 122 mm high-explosive fragmentation rocket and a fire control panel. The system was developed in the mi[1]
Weapons and payload options · 3Confidence · Source
FRAG-HE122 mm ammunition
Med[1]
Range
20.4 km13 mi · 11 nmi
Warhead
18.4 kg (M21OF)
FRAG-HE122 mm ammunition
Med[1]
Range
15 km9 mi · 8 nmi
Warhead
21 kg
FRAG-HE122 mm ammunition
Med[1]
Range
32.7 km20 mi · 18 nmi
Warhead
18.3 kg
Summary

The BM-21 Grad is a Soviet truck-mounted 122 mm multiple rocket launcher. The weapons system and the M-21OF rocket that it fires evolved in the early 1960s and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-Soviet border conflict.

Draft entry. Values come from the cited public sources and are awaiting editor verification.
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Operators
AfghanistanAngolaArmeniaAzerbaijanBurundiBulgariaBosnia and HerzegovinaBelarusCameroonRepublic of the CongoCubaAlgeriaEcuadorEgyptEritreaEthiopiaGeorgiaCroatiaIndiaIranIraqIsraelKazakhstanKyrgyzstanCambodiaLaosLebanonLibyaMoroccoMoldovaNorth MacedoniaMaliMyanmarMongoliaMozambiqueNamibiaNigeriaNicaraguaPakistanPeruPolandNorth KoreaPalestineQatarRomaniaRussiaSenegalSomaliaSerbiaSouth SudanSyriaTajikistanTanzaniaUgandaUkraineUzbekistanVenezuelaVietnamYemenZambia
Sources
  1. BM-21 Grad Russian 122mm Multiple Rocket Launcher (MRL), U.S. Army TRADOC G-2 Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN)
    Published/updated 2026-03-20 · Tier 1 · checked 2026-10-10
Change log
  • 2026-10-10 Entry created from the Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN), bulk import