{
  "id": "bm-21-grad",
  "name": "BM-21 Grad",
  "aliases": [],
  "domain": "land",
  "country": "RUS",
  "category": "122mm multiple rocket launcher",
  "status": null,
  "fielded": 1963,
  "operators": [
    "AFG",
    "AGO",
    "ARM",
    "AZE",
    "BDI",
    "BGR",
    "BIH",
    "BLR",
    "CMR",
    "COG",
    "CUB",
    "DZA",
    "ECU",
    "EGY",
    "ERI",
    "ETH",
    "GEO",
    "HRV",
    "IND",
    "IRN",
    "IRQ",
    "ISR",
    "KAZ",
    "KGZ",
    "KHM",
    "LAO",
    "LBN",
    "LBY",
    "MAR",
    "MDA",
    "MKD",
    "MLI",
    "MMR",
    "MNG",
    "MOZ",
    "NAM",
    "NGA",
    "NIC",
    "PAK",
    "PER",
    "POL",
    "PRK",
    "PSE",
    "QAT",
    "ROU",
    "RUS",
    "SEN",
    "SOM",
    "SRB",
    "SSD",
    "SYR",
    "TJK",
    "TZA",
    "UGA",
    "UKR",
    "UZB",
    "VEN",
    "VNM",
    "YEM",
    "ZMB"
  ],
  "prolif_count": 63,
  "summary": "The BM-21 Grad is a Soviet truck-mounted 122 mm multiple rocket launcher. The weapons system and the M-21OF rocket that it fires evolved in the early 1960s and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-Soviet border conflict.",
  "specs": [
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Manufacturer",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "Splav State Research and Production Enterprise",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "crew",
      "v": 5,
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Chassis",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "Ural 375-D 6x6 wheeled",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Displacement time",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "3 min",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Emplacement time",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "2 min",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "length_m",
      "v": 7.35,
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "width_m",
      "v": 2.4,
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "height_m",
      "v": 3.09,
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "combat_weight_t",
      "v": 13.7,
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "engine_name",
      "v": "ZIL-375",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "engine_hp",
      "v": 180,
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "road_range_km",
      "v": 750,
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "speed_road_kmh",
      "v": 75,
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Fording depth",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "1.5 m",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Launch tubes",
      "section": "armament",
      "v": "40 ea",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Max elevation",
      "section": "armament",
      "v": "+55 deg",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Min elevation",
      "section": "armament",
      "v": "0 deg",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Loader",
      "section": "armament",
      "v": "Manual",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "main_armament",
      "v": "9P132, 122 mm",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "range_max_km",
      "v": 32.7,
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "label": "Maximum firing range",
      "note": "Longest-range ammunition listed"
    }
  ],
  "payloads": [
    {
      "name": "FRAG-HE",
      "role": "122 mm ammunition",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Warhead": "18.4 kg (M21OF)"
      },
      "range_km": 20.4
    },
    {
      "name": "FRAG-HE",
      "role": "122 mm ammunition",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Warhead": "21 kg"
      },
      "range_km": 15
    },
    {
      "name": "FRAG-HE",
      "role": "122 mm ammunition",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Warhead": "18.3 kg"
      },
      "range_km": 32.7
    }
  ],
  "variants": [
    {
      "name": "BM-21-1",
      "text": "Launch vehicles are mounted on a family of Ural-4320 truck chassis.",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "2B17 or also BM-21-1",
      "text": "This upgrade was presented for the first time in 2003 and was developed by Motovilikha Plants from Perm. The system is fitted with a satellite navigation system NAP SNS, automated fire control system ASUNO, APP laying sy",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "9P138 \"Grad-1\":",
      "text": "lighter 36-round version, mounted on a six-by-six ZIL-131 chassis. The vehicle with supporting equipment (rockets, transporter 9T450 and re-supply truck 9F380) is referred to as complex 9K55. The 9P138 can only use \"shor",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "BM-21V \"Grad-V\"",
      "text": "(NATO designation M1975): Developed for Soviet airborne troops in 1969. A GAZ-66B four-by-four truck chassis is fitted with a 12-round 122 mm rocket launcher. The vehicle is sturdy enough to be air-dropped. Parts of the ",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "9А51 \"Prima\"",
      "text": "50-round launcher on a Ural-4320 5t chassis. The vehicle together with fire control equipment, the ammunition transporter TZM 9T232M and the new rocket 9M53F is referred to as complex.",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "\"Grad-P Light portable rocket system\"",
      "text": "he complete system comprises a 9P132 single-round man-portable launcher (it can be reloaded and used again), a 9M22M 122 mm high-explosive fragmentation rocket and a fire control panel. The system was developed in the mi",
      "src": [
        "weg-bm-21-grad"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "art": "mlrs",
  "image": null,
  "verified": null,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-10",
      "change": "Entry created from the Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN), bulk import"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://www.defensepedia.com/systems/bm-21-grad.html",
  "sources": {
    "weg-bm-21-grad": {
      "title": "BM-21 Grad Russian 122mm Multiple Rocket Launcher (MRL)",
      "publisher": "U.S. Army TRADOC G-2 Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN)",
      "url": "https://odin.t2com.army.mil/WEG/Asset/BM-21_Grad_Russian_122mm_Multiple_Rocket_Launcher",
      "published": "2026-03-20",
      "tier": 1,
      "checked": "2026-10-10"
    }
  }
}