{
  "id": "tu-95",
  "name": "Tu-95 Bear",
  "aliases": [
    "Tupolev Tu-95",
    "Bear"
  ],
  "domain": "air",
  "country": "RUS",
  "category": "Strategic bomber",
  "status": "in-service",
  "fielded": 1956,
  "operators": [
    "RUS"
  ],
  "prolif_count": 1,
  "summary": "The Tupolev Tu-95 (Russian: Туполев Ту-95; NATO reporting name: \"Bear\") is a large, four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber and missile platform. First flown in 1952, the Tu-95 entered service with the Soviet Union in 1956 and is expected to serve the Russian Aerospace Forces until at least 2040.",
  "specs": [
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Manufacturer",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "Tupolev",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "crew",
      "v": 7,
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "length_m",
      "v": 49.13,
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "width_m",
      "v": 50.04,
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "label": "Wingspan"
    },
    {
      "k": "height_m",
      "v": 13.3,
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "mass_kg",
      "v": 91800,
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "label": "Empty weight"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Wing area",
      "section": "dims",
      "v": "289.9 m sq",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "engine_name",
      "v": "4 x KKBM (Kuznetsov) NK-12MA turboprops",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Thrust / power",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "4 x 14 795 hp",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "range_km",
      "v": 11500,
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "ceiling_m",
      "v": 12000,
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "combat_radius_km",
      "v": 6400,
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "speed_kmh",
      "v": 830,
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Cruise speed",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "735 km/h",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Takeoff roll",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "2,450 m",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Fire Control System Type",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "PRS-4 box tail gun warning and fire control radar",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Fire Control Radar",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "Clam Pipe (Obozor-MS) navigation/attack",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Navigation Radar",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "Toadstool terrain following. BAND I (8-10 GHz)",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Radar Warning",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "Beryoza system at nose and tail",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Infrared Warning",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "Mak system under nose",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "NBC Protection",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "Yes",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "EW countermeasures",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "Jammer, Geran at nose and rear fuselage",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Chaff / flares",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "APP-50 50-mm dispensers in undercarriage fairings",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Internal Bay: normal load",
      "section": "armament",
      "v": "9,000 kg",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Internal Bay: maximum load",
      "section": "armament",
      "v": "20,000 kg",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Internal Bay: rotary launcher",
      "section": "armament",
      "v": "MKU-6, containing 6 x AS-15 Kent missiles",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "armament",
      "v": "Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23; Kh-101 / Kh-102; AS-15 Kent (Also known as the Kh-55); Kh-65 missiles",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    }
  ],
  "payloads": [
    {
      "name": "Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23",
      "role": "23mm Autocannon",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Type": "23mm Autocannon",
        "Caliber": "23 mm",
        "Rate of fire": "3,400–3,600 rounds/min (alleged)"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Kh-101 / Kh-102",
      "role": "Air-Launched Cruise Missile",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Type": "Air-Launched Cruise Missile",
        "Warhead": "HE, fragmentation, submunition (Kh-101), 250 kt nuclear (Kh-102)",
        "Length": "7.45 m"
      },
      "range_km": [
        2500,
        2800
      ],
      "qty": "10"
    },
    {
      "name": "AS-15 Kent (Also known as the Kh-55)",
      "role": "Transonic air-launched Long-Range Cruise Missile",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Type": "Transonic air-launched Long-Range Cruise Missile",
        "Warhead": "200 kt nuclear (information on warhead yield varies from Russian sources, which claim a 100 kt warhead, and Western sour",
        "Speed": "Mach 0.7",
        "Length": "7.00 m"
      },
      "range_km": 2500,
      "qty": "8"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kh-65 missiles",
      "role": "Transonic air-launched Long-Range Cruise Missile",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Type": "Transonic air-launched Long-Range Cruise Missile"
      },
      "qty": "14"
    }
  ],
  "variants": [
    {
      "name": "Tu-95/1",
      "text": "The first prototype powered by Kuznetsov 2TV-2F coupled turboprop engines.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Tu-95/2",
      "text": "The second prototype powered by Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprops.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Tu-95",
      "text": "Basic variant of the long-range strategic bomber and the only model of the aircraft never fitted with a nose refuelling probe. Known to NATO as the Bear-A.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Tu-95K",
      "text": "Experimental version for air-dropping a MiG-19 SM-20 jet aircraft.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Tu-95K22",
      "text": "Conversions of the older Bear bombers, reconfigured to carry the Raduga Kh-22 missile and incorporating modern avionics. Known to NATO as the Bear-G.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Tu-95K/Tu-95KD",
      "text": "Designed to carry the Kh-20 air-to-surface missile. The Tu-95KD aircraft were the first to be outfitted with nose probes. Known to NATO as the Bear-B.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Tu-95KM",
      "text": "Modified and upgraded versions of the Tu-95K, most notable for their enhanced reconnaissance systems. These were in turn converted into the Bear-G configuration. Known to NATO as the Bear-C.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Tu-95LAL",
      "text": "Experimental nuclear-powered aircraft project.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tu-95"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "art": "bomber",
  "image": {
    "file": "tu-95.jpg",
    "thumb": "tu-95-thumb.jpg",
    "credit": "U.S. Air Force photo",
    "license": "Public domain",
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_F-15C_Eagle_of_the_12th_FS_escorts_a_Russian_Tupolev_Tu-95MS_off_Alaska_(USA),_28_September_2006_(060928-F-0000X-104).jpg",
    "title": "File:McDonnell Douglas F-15C Eagle of the 12th FS escorts a Russian Tupolev Tu-95MS off Alaska (USA), 28 September 2006 (060928-F-0000X-104).jpg"
  },
  "verified": null,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-05",
      "change": "Entry created from the Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN)"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-06",
      "change": "Added photo (Public domain)"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://www.defensepedia.com/systems/tu-95.html",
  "sources": {
    "weg-tu-95": {
      "title": "Tu-95 (Bear) Russian Strategic Bomber Aircraft",
      "publisher": "U.S. Army TRADOC G-2 Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN)",
      "url": "https://odin.t2com.army.mil/WEG/Asset/Tu-95_Bear_Russian_Strategic_Bomber_Aircraft",
      "published": "2026-03-20",
      "tier": 1,
      "checked": "2026-10-10"
    }
  }
}