{
  "id": "saint-bear",
  "name": "Saint Bear",
  "aliases": [
    "Storm-0587",
    "TA471",
    "UAC-0056",
    "Lorec53"
  ],
  "domain": "cyber",
  "country": "RUS",
  "category": "Suspected state-linked cyber threat group",
  "status": "tracked",
  "fielded": null,
  "operators": [
    "RUS"
  ],
  "summary": "Saint Bear is a Russian-nexus threat actor active since early 2021, primarily targeting entities in Ukraine and Georgia. The group is notable for a specific remote access tool, Saint Bot, and information stealer, OutSteel in campaigns.",
  "specs": [
    {
      "k": "sponsor",
      "v": "Russian-nexus",
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1031"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "active_since",
      "v": 2021,
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1031"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "note": "At least 2021"
    },
    {
      "k": "attack_id",
      "v": "G1031",
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1031"
      ],
      "conf": "high"
    },
    {
      "k": "targets",
      "v": "Saint Bear is a Russian-nexus threat actor active since early 2021, primarily targeting entities in Ukraine and Georgia.",
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1031"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "techniques_count",
      "v": 18,
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1031"
      ],
      "conf": "high",
      "note": "ATT&CK v20.1"
    },
    {
      "k": "software",
      "v": "OutSteel, Saint Bot",
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1031"
      ],
      "conf": "high",
      "note": "2 malware and tool entries linked in ATT&CK"
    }
  ],
  "payloads": [],
  "variants": [],
  "art": "cyber",
  "image": null,
  "verified": null,
  "notes": "Saint Bear is a Russian-nexus threat actor active since early 2021, primarily targeting entities in Ukraine and Georgia. The group is notable for a specific remote access tool, Saint Bot, and information stealer, OutSteel in campaigns. Saint Bear typically relies on phishing or web staging of malicious documents and related file types for initial access, spoofing government or related entities. Saint Bear has previously been confused with Ember Bear operations, but analysis of behaviors, tools, and targeting indicates these are distinct clusters. Description adapted from MITRE ATT&CK®, © The MITRE Corporation, used under the ATT&CK Terms of Use.",
  "changelog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-11-08",
      "change": "Entry created from MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v20.1 (group G1031)"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://www.defensepedia.com/systems/saint-bear.html",
  "sources": {
    "mitre-g1031": {
      "title": "Saint Bear, Group G1031",
      "publisher": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1031/",
      "published": "2026-07-31",
      "tier": 2,
      "checked": "2026-11-08"
    }
  }
}