{
  "id": "moses-staff",
  "name": "Moses Staff",
  "aliases": [
    "DEV-0500",
    "Marigold Sandstorm"
  ],
  "domain": "cyber",
  "country": "IRN",
  "category": "Suspected state-linked cyber threat group",
  "status": "tracked",
  "fielded": null,
  "operators": [
    "IRN"
  ],
  "summary": "Moses Staff is a suspected Iranian threat group that has primarily targeted Israeli companies since at least September 2021. Moses Staff openly stated their motivation in attacking Israeli companies is to cause damage by leaking stolen sensitive data and encrypting the victim's networks without a ransom demand.",
  "specs": [
    {
      "k": "sponsor",
      "v": "Suspected Iranian group",
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1009"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "active_since",
      "v": 2021,
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1009"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "note": "At least 2021"
    },
    {
      "k": "attack_id",
      "v": "G1009",
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1009"
      ],
      "conf": "high"
    },
    {
      "k": "targets",
      "v": "Moses Staff is a suspected Iranian threat group that has primarily targeted Israeli companies since at least September 2021.",
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1009"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "techniques_count",
      "v": 12,
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1009"
      ],
      "conf": "high",
      "note": "ATT&CK v20.1"
    },
    {
      "k": "software",
      "v": "DCSrv, PsExec, PyDCrypt, StrifeWater",
      "src": [
        "mitre-g1009"
      ],
      "conf": "high",
      "note": "4 malware and tool entries linked in ATT&CK"
    }
  ],
  "payloads": [],
  "variants": [],
  "art": "cyber",
  "image": null,
  "verified": null,
  "notes": "Moses Staff is a suspected Iranian threat group that has primarily targeted Israeli companies since at least September 2021. Moses Staff openly stated their motivation in attacking Israeli companies is to cause damage by leaking stolen sensitive data and encrypting the victim's networks without a ransom demand. Security researchers assess Moses Staff is politically motivated, and has targeted government, finance, travel, energy, manufacturing, and utility companies outside of Israel as well, including those in Italy, India, Germany, Chile, Turkey, the UAE, and the US. Description adapted from MITRE ATT&CK®, © The MITRE Corporation, used under the ATT&CK Terms of Use.",
  "changelog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-11-08",
      "change": "Entry created from MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v20.1 (group G1009)"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://www.defensepedia.com/systems/moses-staff.html",
  "sources": {
    "mitre-g1009": {
      "title": "Moses Staff, Group G1009",
      "publisher": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1009/",
      "published": "2026-07-31",
      "tier": 2,
      "checked": "2026-11-08"
    }
  }
}