{
  "id": "luch-olymp",
  "name": "Luch/Olymp-K",
  "aliases": [
    "Olimp-K",
    "Luch-5X"
  ],
  "domain": "space",
  "country": "RUS",
  "category": "GEO SIGINT and relay satellites",
  "status": "in-service",
  "fielded": null,
  "operators": [
    "RUS"
  ],
  "summary": "Russian MoD/FSB geostationary satellites that park near foreign communications satellites, consistent with signals intelligence.",
  "specs": [
    {
      "k": "orbit_regime",
      "v": "GEO",
      "src": [
        "gsp-olimp-k"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "sats_count",
      "v": 2,
      "src": [
        "gsp-olimp-k"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "note": "Olimp-K 1 (2014, retired October 2025, fragmented January 2026) and Olimp-K 2 (2023)"
    },
    {
      "k": "first_launch",
      "v": 2014,
      "src": [
        "gsp-olimp-k"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "on_orbit",
      "v": 2,
      "src": [
        "celestrak-gp"
      ],
      "conf": "high",
      "note": "Payloads with current element sets in the public catalog, active or not."
    },
    {
      "k": "active_sats",
      "v": 1,
      "src": [
        "celestrak-gp"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "note": "Count in the CelesTrak active satellites list, which estimates operational status."
    },
    {
      "k": "perigee_km",
      "v": 35781,
      "src": [
        "celestrak-gp"
      ],
      "conf": "high",
      "note": "Active satellites per CelesTrak, element epoch about 2026-11-08."
    },
    {
      "k": "apogee_km",
      "v": 35792,
      "src": [
        "celestrak-gp"
      ],
      "conf": "high",
      "note": "Active satellites per CelesTrak, element epoch about 2026-11-08."
    },
    {
      "k": "period_min",
      "v": 1436.1,
      "src": [
        "celestrak-gp"
      ],
      "conf": "high",
      "note": "Active satellites per CelesTrak, element epoch about 2026-11-08."
    },
    {
      "k": "inclination_deg",
      "v": 0.02,
      "src": [
        "celestrak-gp"
      ],
      "conf": "high",
      "note": "Active satellites per CelesTrak, element epoch about 2026-11-08."
    }
  ],
  "payloads": [],
  "variants": [],
  "art": "satellite",
  "image": null,
  "verified": null,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-11-08",
      "change": "Entry created from cited open sources"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-11-08",
      "change": "Orbital elements from CelesTrak GP data (epoch about 2026-11-08): 2 catalogued, 1 active."
    }
  ],
  "satellites": [
    {
      "name": "LUCH (OLYMP-K 1)",
      "norad": 40258,
      "cospar": "2014-058A",
      "perigee_km": 36098,
      "apogee_km": 36132,
      "inclination_deg": 2.27,
      "period_min": 1452.9,
      "epoch": "2026-11-08",
      "active": false,
      "owner": null,
      "launch": null
    },
    {
      "name": "LUCH-5X (OLYMP-K 2)",
      "norad": 55841,
      "cospar": "2023-031A",
      "perigee_km": 35781,
      "apogee_km": 35792,
      "inclination_deg": 0.02,
      "period_min": 1436.1,
      "epoch": "2026-10-15",
      "active": true,
      "owner": "CIS",
      "launch": "2023-03-12"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://www.defensepedia.com/systems/luch-olymp.html",
  "sources": {
    "gsp-olimp-k": {
      "title": "Luch-Kh/Olimp-K",
      "publisher": "Gunter's Space Page",
      "url": "https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/olimp-k.htm",
      "published": null,
      "tier": 3,
      "checked": "2026-11-08"
    },
    "celestrak-gp": {
      "title": "NORAD GP element sets (current data)",
      "publisher": "CelesTrak (data from the U.S. Space Force 18th/19th Space Defense Squadron catalog)",
      "url": "https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/",
      "published": "2026-11-08",
      "tier": 1,
      "checked": "2026-11-08"
    }
  }
}