{
  "id": "2k12-kub",
  "name": "2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful)",
  "aliases": [],
  "domain": "missile",
  "country": "RUS",
  "category": "Surface-to-air missile system",
  "status": null,
  "fielded": 1967,
  "operators": [
    "AGO",
    "ARM",
    "BGR",
    "BIH",
    "CUB",
    "CZE",
    "DZA",
    "EGY",
    "ETH",
    "HUN",
    "IND",
    "IRN",
    "KAZ",
    "LBY",
    "MMR",
    "POL",
    "ROU",
    "RUS",
    "SRB",
    "SVK",
    "SYR",
    "TKM",
    "TZA",
    "UKR",
    "VNM",
    "YEM"
  ],
  "prolif_count": 26,
  "summary": "The 2K12 \"Kub\" (NATO reporting name: SA-6 \"Gainful\") mobile surface-to-air missile system is a Soviet low to medium-level air defense system designed to protect ground forces from air attack. \"2К12\" is the GRAU designation of the system.",
  "specs": [
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Chassis",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "Modified PT-76",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "crew",
      "v": 3,
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "engine_name",
      "v": "Model V-6R",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Thrust / power",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "240 hp at 1,800 rpm",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "speed_kmh",
      "v": 44,
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "low",
      "note": "Automated check: outside the expected range for this type; verify against the source."
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Tactical Radio",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "Depends on which country the SA-6 is operating in.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Radars and sonars",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "SURN 1S91 \"Straight Flush\" Radar",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Band",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "It is operating in C-Band surveillance and aquisition radar, combined with an operating in I-Band tracking and illuminating radar.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Maximum Range",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "75 km",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Beamwidth",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "1 deg",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Hull Armor Type",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "The SA-6 vehicle is based to the ZSU-23-4 self-propelled air defence system and the ASU-85 self-propelled anti-tank gun.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "NBC Protection",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "collective overpressure and filtration",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    }
  ],
  "payloads": [
    {
      "name": "Kub-M3/3M9M3",
      "role": "Armament",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Launcher": "2P25 SPU Launch Vehicle"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Kub-M1",
      "role": "Armament",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Guidance": "semi-active radar homing"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Kub-M3",
      "role": "Armament",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Guidance": "semi-active radar homing"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Kub-M4",
      "role": "Armament",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Guidance": "semi-active radar homing"
      }
    }
  ],
  "variants": [
    {
      "name": "2K12 Kub",
      "text": "The 2K12 Kub (NATO: SA-6 Gainful) was the baseline variant of the Kub family of medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "2K12M Kub-M",
      "text": "This is a slightly modernised variant of the Kub, which completed development in 1968, a year after the baseline variant of the Kub entered service.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "2K12E Kvadrat",
      "text": "The Kvadrat is an export variant of the 2K12M Kub-M and was developed in 1971. It featured improvements to make it more suited to operation in tropical climates, and featured changes to the ECM protection system and the IFF system.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "2K12M1 Kub-M1",
      "text": "This is a modernised variant of the Kub, which was accepted into service with the Russian armed forces in January 1973.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "2K12M3 Kub-M3",
      "text": "The Kub-M3 is a modernised variant of the Kub complex, and was accepted into service with the Soviet armed forces in 1976.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "2K12M3S Kub-M3S",
      "text": "This was a variant of the Kub-M3 which is very similar in terms of capabilities, but was also provided with additional jamming resistance against some forms of EW.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "2K12 Kub-M4",
      "text": "The Kub-M4 was a hybrid system which uses both Kub and Buk elements, and was implemented to speed along the development of the 9K37 Buk.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "2K12M3A Kub-M3A",
      "text": "This was a modernised variant of the Kub-M3 which was capable of launching the more modern 3M9M4 missile.",
      "src": [
        "weg-2k12-kub"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "art": "tel",
  "image": null,
  "verified": null,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-10",
      "change": "Entry created from the Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN), bulk import"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://www.defensepedia.com/systems/2k12-kub.html",
  "sources": {
    "weg-2k12-kub": {
      "title": "2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) Russian Surface-to-Air Missile System",
      "publisher": "U.S. Army TRADOC G-2 Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN)",
      "url": "https://odin.t2com.army.mil/WEG/Asset/2K12_Kub_SA-6_Gainful_Russian_Surface-to-Air_Missile_System",
      "published": "2026-03-20",
      "tier": 1,
      "checked": "2026-10-10"
    }
  }
}